The Emotion of Love

Love is one of the strongest emotions, if not the strongest emotion known to man. we all accept that it is a beautiful sharing experience but how often has this emotion been the cause of unwarranted pain and heartache? We have all experienced this emotion, in one form or another at least once in our lives. It is the main cause of anxiety, guilt, and depression. Real love promotes peace, harmony, and happiness. It has the power, to overcome many hurdles in life if only we can be honest with ourselves.

This purposeful emphasis on love and its relationship to Aikido may cause a few raised eyebrows, but those who train with their hearts and feel for their art will know the message.

Let's talk, about love, as an art and find out exactly what love is. The dictionary defines love as "devoted attachment to one of the opposite sexes" (although today it may mean "to anyone"). Of course, there are many other meanings to the word. We have all experienced love, or lack of love, in one way or another. We first experience love as children with our relationship with our family. Then we go through our teenage years experimenting and discovering the joys and heartaches of romantic love, until finally, devoting our lives to a mature love when we reach adulthood.

The types of love we are subjected to will affect our lives and future relationships when it is not expressed properly, especially when we are children. How many parents realize the way they show their love for each other and to their children could have such a drastic effect on their children's later lives?

As children we need, expect, and demand a certain type of love from our parents. But some parents, because of their own anxieties and fears, don't or can't see the long-lasting effects they have on their children. The overprotective mother, the ambitious father, parents who take their children for granted, and more seriously parents who abuse their children, all of which leave deep scars, which quite often remain for the rest of their lives. A child will grow up not knowing how to express their feelings, other than what they have been shown. They will find it hard to form relationships and understand proper love. In extreme cases, anxiety, anger, and isolation set in and the child ends up rebellious, a misfit, and an outcast from society. Even after a relationship has been allowed to develop things can still go wrong and more often than not, they do! The guilty party begins to feel agitated at the slightest incident however innocent. They start to mistrust and argue with their partners, and eventually, the relationship deteriorates.

All this, because they couldn't understand or didn't dare to understand. The real reasons for these tragic circumstances lie deep in their subconscious past, dormant, until something triggers them off.

When two people meet; is it their loneliness and isolation that has drawn them together, or is it some other common interests? Whatever the circumstances of their meeting, people can forge a bond of friendship and love, perhaps even sexually sealing it. Once that bond has been forged and one has recovered from the initial excitement, they start to understand everything about each other and appreciate their partner's feelings. If no attempt is made to understand, the relationship is destined, to fail, and perhaps the chance of love.

Similarly, when we practice Aikido (or any other art) if we don't understand or find it difficult to relate to a technique we don't just give up. We don't go off to another club or change our beliefs, but we persevere until we get it right. When we learn to drive a car and things go wrong, we persist till we get it right and pass our test. Exhilaration, satisfaction, and a sense of achievement are experienced when the problem is understood and solved. When things go wrong in life, we, shouldn't just give up or take the easy way out.

Do we take love for granted? Do we give it the same thoughts that are given other emotions? When we "hate" somebody or are angry with them we do something about it, we find some way of releasing those feelings. We vent our anger and aggression either verbally or physically, with no thought for ourselves and normally at someone else's expense. Yet when it comes to love, we selfishly take but find it hard to give. When are people going to realize - to get the most out of something, they have, to give their all! They must learn to make sacrifices and stronger commitments. They must not be afraid of taking chances. This should apply to any art or vocation we have chosen.

Love is the force of mankind. Without love, humanity will destroy itself. Love excites the physical, and spiritual. Love brings out the best in people. We begin to understand others, care, and respect life. We don't just love the one closest to our heart, instead through them, we love all. Through this love, we can discover the secrets of our innermost selves. We move to a higher plane, - through self-realization, life becomes fulfilling and meaningful. We feel the warmth as our spirit grows and our energy becomes stronger. We now sense that we can channel this energy to help others and they too will sense the warmth of your spirit and the power it generates. The most invigorating, exciting, and powerful feeling we could experience is the power of love when we meet someone of equal warmth and strength. When this spirit and energy become one, the world becomes a paradise, life and death become one, and the body, mind, and soul are united. We are at peace with ourselves and in harmony with life, the world, and the Universe. The mind and spirit are no longer in conflict, so the mind is free to search and experience the knowledge and joys of life.

So, we ask ourselves, if love is so wonderful why is there so much sorrow, conflict, and ill-feeling in the world?

Again, it is past where the answer lies and in our failure to recognize our faults and unwillingness to accept them. We are conditioned to believe in what we expect in love and life. We listen to love songs, we watch romantic movies and read romances. We see the relationships of our families, friends, and neighbors go through. They all play a part in this conditioning process. We identify ourselves with the person we're expected to be. That is why those early relationships that started with our parents are so important. Retaining that loyalty to our past sometimes causes conflict within ourselves. We need to separate our emotions and recognize them individually. Identifying and understanding every one of our emotions we cope with life because it is the importance of these emotions that make up our human character. We can never rid ourselves of bad emotions but we can certainly control them. Each emotion is related to another otherwise we wouldn't be human.

To survive and be happy as an individual, and still retain our identity we need to love life. We need to understand love and prepare ourselves. We need to train and discipline ourselves, and to be honest with ourselves.

Look into a mirror and what do you see? Do you just see your reflections or do you see someone else? Are you afraid of what you see and can you accept what you see? One should have the courage and honesty to face up to oneself.

Some stagger through life, pretending they are happy and will not admit that they are, in fact, lonely people. They will put forward all sorts of logical excuses to explain themselves. They tend to hurt people around them because they are hurting. Trapped in their self-imposed prison they become sad. They find it hard to mix with people and find themselves drawn even more into a world of loneliness, without love or life. Giving love becomes an impossibility so the only way they can survive is to take love and affection. They will even "fall in love" frequently and deny themselves self-respect.

This is a materialistic and false love but they do find immediate and temporary happiness, at least that's what they want to believe. Progress cannot be made because they have become afraid of taking that first step forward, just in case it destroys what they apparently have. Life is just an existence as they hide behind this false security they have discovered. They no longer search for truth because they believe they have already found it. They are no longer motivated.

It is not love that keeps two people together under these circumstances but a duty to conform and an excuse for security. They will say they have everything to satisfy their needs so why should they go any further, why should they develop their minds and why should they strive to understand the meaning of life? As long as they are accepted by family, friends, and society, what is there for them to look forward to?

It is this negative attitude that makes people disillusioned with life and causes so much friction and disruption in a relationship which eventually leads to personal anxiety and depression. But humanity does survive because of individuals who won't give up that search and their desire for knowledge and happiness. They train their minds, bodies, and spirit, and sacrifice a part of their lives to experience the joys, of knowledge. 3

Discovering through the power of love, to strengthen their spirit and mind. No longer wander aimlessly but with a purpose. They want and will become masters of themselves. Because if they don't they will end up a slave.

Again, we ask ourselves, why is love the key to our search for that missing link?

What other emotion motivates a person to search for the truth and the answer to life? If one uses anger, hatred, and selfishness, for example, to achieve their aims, then they will never reach their goals. So many have tried but they have all ended up lost and lonely. They become bitter and frustrated. They lose their self-respect and integrity. One has only got to go back into the history of mankind to see the results. As people, they become losers, because they will be unable to find love and will never be able to have a stable relationship with anybody. They will mistrust all and lose all sense of proportion of life. They will be rejected and isolated by society, especially by those close to them. Eventually, their spirit and mind will become so weak, that they will end up used and abused by certain elements of society. They will be wary of those who are stronger and only relate to those who are weaker because it makes them feel stronger in comparison. In extreme cases, they become a narcissistic psychopath. 

It distresses them even more because the very people who should be relating to them find it hard to cope with their erratic moods and temperaments. Friends and family, with their own commitments and responsibilities, are probably going through the same traumas to various degrees. They listen but they don't hear. They feel guilty giving the required advice and support, because of their own fears and inadequacies. Only a person, with, an abundance of tolerance and patience to cope with such a situation.

In desperation, help is sought from professional counselors, maybe because, being strangers, it is easy to relate to them. Professionals have the academic qualifications of theory offering a safety valve to certain individuals. But, no matter how good a professional is, they are still strangers, but this could be an important fact, so it may work - often never fully. The risks are always there and the more disappointments they suffer, the more they hate themselves.

Life becomes a merry-go-round, with no means of getting off. We begin to lose hope and wonder if life is worth living, slowly but surely, prompting us into despair. If we sink too deep we are lost forever, unable to help ourselves and out of reach from those who want and can help. Very slowly destroying ourselves and those close to us oblivious to everything. 

Philosophy

 

We tend to base our lives on our past, both good and bad, but we have to think of the now., the present, which will dictate the future. One day the future will become the past and we must be able to live with that without regrets. That thought alone should be enough motivation to do something about our lives right now, no matter how harshly life has treated us in the 'past'. No matter what has influenced us we tend to remember the worst segments of our lives and rarely appreciate the many pleasant things that have made us what we are. It is in our nature to accept grief, anxiety, and fear as a way of justifying our survival. For centuries, we have accepted human misery, through war, famine, and technological comforts. Nowadays, we are beginning to realize the folly of our ways but at what expense. The earth's natural 'defenses' have been breached leaving massive gaps in the ozone layer. Greed is still the driving force that is stripping, the natural resources of nature, and feeding mankind to further destroy itself in overindulgence in every way. We have forgotten the very essence of life and the harmony of nature. We have forgotten how to love and understand the laws of nature. We are allowing our emotions to cause an imbalance in nature, which only makes sense through not acknowledging the fundamental requirements of life, which are embodied in one's understanding of love.

Aikido is recognized as one of the many martial arts we practice in the West. Some even accept there is a philosophy in the practice of Aikido. But, how many of us understand, exactly how much Aikido reflects the philosophy of mankind. As a martial art, Aikido has nothing more to prove. Its effectiveness as a self-defense system cannot be challenged. As a form of exercise and movement, Aikido is seen as the ideal art.

Because of its deep-rooted Eastern traditions and etiquette, as in many other martial arts, students will follow the teachings of their teacher without question. Because they are under the impression that military discipline is required. Frederick the Great once said, "If my soldiers began to think, no one would remain in the ranks". True, discipline is important as in any art, but it should be personal. Individuals should be allowed to develop their own minds and potential. A common fault with teachers is to impose, their beliefs on students who choose to follow their art and not necessarily on the teacher. However, students must also respect their teacher's knowledge and experience. They must appreciate that their teachers have given a lot of their time and sacrificed a great deal to achieve the ability to teach and share what they have learned. It must be remembered, that a commitment is required if one is to be a 'master' in any of the arts that they choose.

Various reasons influence our choice of art and the commitment we're prepared to make. If Aikido is the choice, then there are several very profound reasons why we have chosen it. For most, it could be as simple as a need to learn a different martial art, for self-defense or even for discipline. But for some, it could be a way to relax from the stress of our labors or to escape from the responsibilities of social and domestic pressures. Society makes us do things we have to do to survive. We have to go to work, we do things that conform. We're always in the fast lane. Life becomes a hazardous routine and demands a commitment to our domestic and social responsibilities. We feel guilty if we're late and don't perform our day-to-day functions or conform to the expectations society puts on us.

But the biggest causes of our guilt, anxiety, and depression are people and our relationships with people. Very often we don't recognize the cause of our anxiety which makes us frustrated, which we tend to take out on those close to us. As we get more depressed we react negatively, because it is at the time the easiest path to take. We fool ourselves into thinking we have done the right thing and refuse to accept that we could be wrong.

People who study Aikido are now starting to realize, because of its nature, that it has more to offer to the individual who suffers or experiences a variety of emotional and stress-related problems. A good teacher will recognize this and offer guidance, so the student can discover and understand that Aikido, is a better way of life. Aikido can be a way of life, a tool for self-discovery, and a means of experiencing happiness and contentment. It is not a new concept but an unrecognized one. We need to see Aikido in a different life or perhaps with a different meaning. Aikido promotes love, peace, and harmony. It teaches us to tame and control our emotions. It teaches us integrity, awareness, humility, compassion, and understanding, to name but a few. It shows a different way to live and opens a door to the mysteries of life. Aikido has all the virtues that make up the emotion of love. The philosophy of Aikido is life, just as is the philosophy of love. In love, we search for the ultimate happiness. In Aikido the goals are the same. If love and Aikido share similar aims and objectives - love becomes an art of life.

For better understanding please refer to other articles found elsewhere on this site...

The Jo

 

Although quite an inoffensive and humble-looking weapon, the Jo has been described as the ultimate fighting weapon because of its versatility, especially in the hands of a skilled user when it can be quite lethal. Traditionally, the jo is made of hardwood, such as Japanese oak, normally measuring 4 feet and 2 inches with a diameter of 7/8 of an inch. It is not unusual, to find these dimensions vary - depending on several factors.

Moso Gonnosuki was reported to be the inventor of the jo. In the early 16 century, Moso was a samurai whose favorite weapon was the Bo (a six-foot staff). Moso's fighting skills with the Bo were well known as he defeated foe after foe. Then one day he met Miyamoto Musashi, one of Japan's greatest swordsmen. The following battle was long and hard but Moso was defeated.  Miyamoto spared Moso's life, who promptly retired to the mountains to contemplate. During this "meditation" period, Moso developed the shorter staff and adapted his bo techniques to suit his new weapon, the Jo. When Moso felt ready, he left his mountain retreat and once again, confronted Miyamoto, challenging him to a duel. This time it was Moso who was the victor and he too spared Miyamoto's life. Since then, the jo as we know it, has been credited to Moso Gonnosuki.

The Jo has since proved itself a weapon in its own right especially as it was very effective against the sword. The Jo can be used for jabbing, blocking, and trapping an opponent's weapons as well, as striking vulnerable points. What made it so effective, is that both ends can be used by rapid hand changes or turnovers, etc. Its versatility as a fighting weapon made it the favorite of the warrior class and ordinary people. The warrior's influence and connection with the sword played an important part in the development of the Jo and therefore techniques and etiquette are very similar. Various fighting techniques have been retained in the Jo arts of Jo-Jitsu and Jodo.

Uyeshiba Morihei, the founder of Aikido, discovered the Jo to be the ideal tool to utilize with his Aikido. Techniques differ in insomuch, that movements are much more flowing and softer, than in Jodo and Jo-Jitsu. The idea is to use the Jo as an extension of Aikido principles rather than a "weapon", which gives it more freedom of movement. This unique method of using the Jo became known as aiki-Jo. Practitioners of kendo, karate, and jujitsu are some of the arts that often use the Jo to supplement their training, to enhance, their techniques - each art adapting the Jo to suit their particular needs. In Aikido, the Jo is used for similar reasons but it has become more than just a tool, because of the spirit in which it is used.

Most weapons training use kata (set forms), as a discipline for developing their skills and the Jo is no exception. There are not many "official” forms for the Jo but in Aikido the long form known as "Kata no Sanjuichi" is one, that is recognized internationally as the standard. There appear to be some minor differences from region to region but generally, this form contains many of the basic strikes, etc. required of the Jo. There are many other Forms such as the "Five-Elements Kata" which is a modern form, particularly practiced, in Europe and is used to express the relationship between the "Five-Elements" of life and the Universe. Although the two forms mentioned above appear very contrasting in their display, they still share the essence and spirit of aiki.

In the practice of Jo-tori (Jo taking and disarming), many techniques are similar to ken-tori (sword disarming). This similarity is of profound significance because it helps the student to understand the relationship between the Jo and the sword. Understanding the relationship serves the student to gain fulfillment in the deeper meaning of Aikido, to understand the philosophy of Kushindo, and to be motivated and inspired.

Choosing a Jo should be the same as with a sword. One takes considerable care when spending money on a sword, it needs to "bond" with our spirit. Because the Jo is a lot cheaper in comparison, we should apply a similar consideration. Jo's do vary in shape, size, and weight, thereby affecting the control the individual has. Shop around and compare different Jo's, till one feels right for you, and get a case for it! Once you have obtained your Jo - it should become part of you. You have a responsibility to give it "life" by spending hours, feeling every part of it, getting to know every bump, chip, and the very grain of the wood. Eventually, Jo will feel alive and charged with your energy - an extension of yourself. Every time you use it the rapport between you and Jo strengthens until the proverbial oneness is achieved and experienced.

No one else should pick up or handle your Jo without permission or abuse it in any way as applied to all personal weapons. The Jo must be treated with respect at all times - otherwise one is not fit to use the Jo, never mind owning one!

Just as in other arts, regular training in suburi and Kata helps one to develop spirit. Watching displays, etc. one senses the power generated by the Jo, so it is hardly surprising that the Jo has gained many followers from the various other arts. It is up to these followers, by their actions and attitudes to retain the spirit of the Jo and the essence of budo.

A word of warning! do not carry an un-cased Jo or practice in a public place. The obvious reason would be the safety aspect, the chance "accident".  Also, transporting un-cased weapons, no matter how innocent they may look, quite often stirs the interest of the local constabulary. In this day and age, with the increase in violence, it is not surprising that any weapon is labeled as "offensive". Do not risk provoking the law - make sure all weapons are well wrapped and secured in some way if no "custom" case is available, therefore denying those who condemn martial arts the opportunity to utilize such incidents to shame the martial arts in the public's eye.

Heart of the Samurai

 Movies and perhaps some history have created a perception of the samurai as cold, calculating mercenaries with no regard for human life who blindly follow the code of Bushido. There is an element of truth but the truth is misguided and has to be understood. The samurai did believe in a code of ethics and virtues embodied in their souls and strived to attain the highest honors of their chosen path. It is hard to imagine what we perceive as brutal. The chivalrous knights of old and even native Indian ideology have captured the imagination, with their ritualistic beliefs sharing similar warrior interpretations.

The true samurai was usually born into a family who believed in maintaining the lineage and some rose through the ranks to become an elite society in their own right. The history of the samurai is long and sometimes complicated, and I don’t wish to give a history lesson, but merely an understanding of the mind and destiny of the samurai as a person.

The aim of the samurai was to serve his chosen lord and protect the domain and life of those less fortunate. Many samurai attained great respect for their commitment and adherence to a code of conduct that required immense compassion, understanding, and sacrifice. The samurai wasn’t just skilled with the sword but also with the pen, brush, and word and a reverence for living things and that beyond. That is the heart of a true Samurai.

Does the samurai exist today? Well yes! He may not carry his katana or display the costume of his era. The samurai spirit still lives in those who have clung to the ethics and legacy of history, through the various branches of budo. The beliefs have evolved without losing either the essence of the warrior heart or the virtues of humanity.

Today’s samurai still maintain those traditions through their commitment and honest dedication to preserving life, peace, and harmony in a world that in some ways has not changed much as far as human behavior is concerned. They will share their wisdom, experiences, and teachings to allow others to enhance their lives. The feudal domains of the past are no longer separated by boundaries but have become the center for promoting universal peace and harmony. Each "samurai" who chooses the bushido path makes a lifelong commitment, to seeking enlightenment. The samurai may appear detached from apparent normality but they still have needs, wants, desires, and dreams just as any human being. Yet his willingness to make profound sacrifices cannot be discarded as eccentric or false. He has chosen to become a servant of humanity so that humility, grace, sincerity, honor, righteousness, etiquette, courage, and respect, to name a few, can be realized on the path of life’s journey. They are the virtues that mold the heart of the samurai.

Several martial arts, provide the opportunity, for dedicated martial arts practitioners to explore the true essence of Bushido, even though we live in a modern culture with distracting values. 

A time to Reflect...

 

Unfettered and alone, on a samurai journey - seeking his destiny to serve, he comes upon an isolated stream deep in an unknown forest. He finds the alluring sound of water cascading in a relentless flow. After bathing in its cool refreshing waters, the enemy that stalks his soul manifests in the questions of the heart. The enemy constantly tugs at his conscience, is the enemy that lives deep within.

In Mokuso, he hears the forest talk through its denizens of nature. He gains strength as countless sounds of nature echo through the trees carried on the breeze of the earth’s breath. They reassure and feed the hunger that drives him on his eternal journey, of life. It is a time to reflect and relive the glorious battles of life.

His battles have intertwined with many. Some have been good and others have left their scars. These are the battles, that fire the heart and forge friendships and lasting memories. Every battle; even those that have been victorious, has taken another little piece of him. It is the burden he will constantly bear on his never-ending journey on the twisting road of life.

But today he will rest, relax, and finish the way of misogi. For, within the spray of the waterfall, he will draw his sword to complete the trial of spiritual cleansing. He becomes one with himself and makes a cut – a cut with absolute precision that separates the air. With each cut a demon from within falls. Each demon is a manifestation, of his inner self that can only be banished through regular cuts of the sword made with perfection, commitment, and from the heart. The cut demons disperse in a shower of swirling light, as the sword, cuts the air.

Tonight he will sleep under the stars, knowing, he has performed the ritual of "cleansing", to grant him peace for another day. Tomorrow the lone samurai will continue his journey, leaving behind the legacy of peace and harmony for others to experience. He has an even stronger understanding of his destiny to serve with honor and compassion.

Awaken the “samurai” that dwells within us as - we too, each have a destiny to follow. It is a destiny to serve, protect, and achieve enlightenment. Do not be afraid of the path, that has been created by those who have traveled before us. Walk with humbleness and face the encounters with our inner enemies with an act of profound courage to provide an even safer path for those who follow. This is the way of the samurai…

Sensu

 

The Sensu is sometimes seen as a strange paraphernalia of the aikidoka. Why indeed - is a personal object such as a humble fan becoming such a familiar sight in Aikido training and displays? We are of course, not referring to the "military" fans (known as Tessen), which can be quite lethal in the hands of an expert. These fans are made with sharpened edges and could inflict serious injuries to their victims.

The Sensu or fan referred to in this article is the ordinary everyday functional implement carried by the ordinary person and made of silk and bamboo. These fans have been around for many decades and come in a multitude of intricate designs and were used by both men and women. They are can be very delicate and beautiful to the eye, making it very difficult to accept that they can referred to as a “weapon" in martial arts training. As an offensive weapon the fan is perhaps not the most practical of tools, except of course the "metal" fans referred to earlier. As far as I am aware off, Aikido is the only modern art that tends to utilize the Sensu in such a manner. The whole concept of creative movement and harmonious blending of energy gives Aikido the beauty and seductive power that we have come to associate with the art. So, it was only natural that the Sensu became a part of the aikidoka's tools to aid in his or hers training. The Sensu enhances the flowing movements of Aikido and opens up even more creative dimensions and also offers a freedom that is hard to put into words. Unfortunately, there are some who view the Sensu as too effeminate for them to use and regard it as a woman's tool. Perhaps they have misunderstood the meaning of budo or have succumbed to their frustrations and inability to handle the Sensu. Just because the Sensu is used in a passive manner doesn't mean to say it is ineffective as a defensive weapon. In fact, the Sensu can offer some quite unique methods for self-defence while most of the usual self-defence techniques can be applied to the Sensu. It can be dynamically effective in both its closed and open positions. In the open position it can be used to distract or obscure the attacker’s vision. When closed, it can be used to deflect, entrap and strike, especially when applied to pressure points. In fact, anyone who has experience with Tanbo techniques will find the Sensu very easy to adopt as part of their training program. Even the action of opening the Sensu causes a sound which can confuse and distract an attacker. Incidentally the tone can be controlled (hard and snappy or gentle and soft) which can be related to the Yin/Yang philosophy.

The sad thing is, not enough dojos incorporate the Sensu in their training programme, except perhaps at displays where it is included to add visual impact. Admittedly, it is only in recent years that we have been exposed to the Sensu through our European friends who use the Sensu extensively in their Aikido and tai-chi practice. A few dedicated British aikidoka were so impressed with the Sensu that they have decided to make it a major part of their training. It must be remembered that the Sensu cannot make a bad Aikido technique good.

For those thinking of acquiring a Sensu may have already experienced some difficulty as the wood and silk ones are extremely hard to come by as they have to be imported from either China or Japan. Beware of the "metal" version sold in some martial arts shops because they can be very hard to handle and are not really appropriate for the reasons used above. They can be cumbersome and they can cause a chemical reaction when the metal handles are fingered that leaves greasy marks on clothing, etc. This can also cause the fan to slip out of the hand - potentially dangerous to colleagues around you.

Shiatsu

 

Although the syllabus, states that the requirements for some form of recognized first aid, it should be a matter, of personal responsibility for all to acquire adequate knowledge. St. Johns and the Red Cross are the more common organizations that make available and promote first-aid courses, as well, as others. An individual who aspires to be a teacher is advised to attain a qualification. No one is suggesting that we have to pursue a degree in medical science but having enough knowledge to deal with emergencies that do occur in the dojo, is the teacher's responsibility. It must be emphasized that there are legal liabilities that one is exposed to, whether one is a skilled first-aider or not. If a teacher has no first-aid qualifications or knowledge his integrity is questioned. On, the other hand, if a teacher were to use his knowledge of first-aid he might be praised but he also leaves himself open to legal action if his "casualty" wasn't as appreciative. Having a first aid qualification doesn't guarantee the right to act. The bottom line is, to be prepared but be careful.

Many prefer to study a more traditional method such as shiatsu and katsu. Not officially recognized by the BMA, but gaining many followers who prefer, the concept of alternative medicine. It is not suggested that these should replace conventional first-aid but as a way of exploring the holistic ideals of budo. Shiatsu, especially has become popular with martial arts, and fortunate it is available as a specialized branch of budo. Katsu is more of an art of resuscitation which is rarely practiced, as much as shiatsu. Shiatsu literally means "finger pressure" and its actions are far from superfluous. One is forgiven to assume it is just a massage but shiatsu is much more. Shiatsu deals with various ailments and symptoms and is widely practiced as a preventative course. It is not difficult to learn, the more we give in commitment the more we will understand. Shiatsu can be a lifetime study, however, for those who practice Aikido or similar arts, it is easier to understand its principles.

The history of shiatsu is related to ancient Chinese medicine and more profoundly to acupuncture, except no needles are used. The Chinese believed in certain meridians that crisscross the body and by applying pressure at certain tsubo's (points) the flow of energy can be controlled thereby facilitating in balancing this energy to promote good health. These meridians are interrelated with the major organs and the meridians within the body. By careful diagnosis, symptoms can be isolated and treated with success. From respiratory to heart problems, from emotional to spiritual, the range is diverse but shiatsu has proved successful, time and time again.

So, what are the requirements -can anyone give shiatsu? the simple answer is YES! Providing one is receptive, willing, and genuine there is no reason why shiatsu can't be done by anyone. The essence of shiatsu is the ability to unselfishly give and build rapport with the receiver (the patient). The person giving shiatsu is known as the "Giver" - for obvious reasons. The giver can generate confidence in their receiver, building a genuine rapport.

It is advisable to give shiatsu in a warm comfortable room, free from distractions and ensuring that the receiver is at ease. Some soft music helps to create the right atmosphere. It is normal for the giver to mentally and physically prepare themselves, by meditation and then doing some stretching, to open the giver's meridians, allowing for easier passing on of energy. The Receiver lies face-down and the Giver kneels by their hips to begin.

However, The Giver might first concentrate on the back or head because these parts normally feel "good" for the receiver, and help to further prepare both parties to progress. Whenever pressure is required, use of the fingers, palms, etc. care must be taken when working with the aged or very young, because bones can either be brittle or too soft. Pressure must never be such as to cause pain or discomfort. Care must also be taken when working on joints like the knees, back, and neck.

The giver will synchronize their breathing with the receiver and there will be an air of controlled intensity as two individuals become one. Every minute movement has a purpose, yet there is an impression of freedom. It is not unknown for the giver to become absolutely exhausted or feel drained after a session. It is surprising how much energy is expelled during a consultation!

On the question of morality, there should be no problem. Giving shiatsu has no sexual overtones and can be performed through clothing. No physical or mental harm can be caused, providing a few simple rules are adhered to. Again, it is not claimed that shiatsu or other forms of natural health care should be a replacement for modern medicine but it goes without saying that we have grown to be dependent on drugs which in the long term can only prove to be harmful. It is in the interest of all to attend Shiatsu courses whenever available. There are plenty of manuals available and these publications are quite comprehensive but the student is reminded that there is nothing like practical experience to enhance one knowledge.

Breath Sounds

 

    

                                              Breathing Exercises

We take the way we breathe for granted, and in some ways, we have "forgotten" to breathe as nature intended. Our breathing has become shallow and minimal. The way we breathe only utilizes the top third of our lungs allowing the remaining air to stagnate and provide an inefficient means of energizing the body with fresh energy. This is displayed by only the top half of our chests expanding whenever we take a deep breath. Yet, when watching a baby breathe, we see their stomach expanding. A baby breathes naturally. But a bad environment and unnatural living will corrupt the way, we breathe, and the body will eventually succumb to "bad " breathing. Breathing correctly requires training and awareness of what is happening in our lives. Stress and anxiety also affect the breathing cycle. Below is a brief method that allows one to recondition our breathing habits and to develop "rhythmic breathing". We could also incorporate this into one's meditation to enhance our training and discipline.

 I suggest spending just a few minutes a day at first to understand the requirements and then increasing the time to suit one's needs - as we get used to breathing correctly till eventually it becomes a part of our normal life.

Breathe slowly through the nose with the tip of the tongue touching the roof of the mouth. allowing the air to sink into the lower abdomen. Exhale slowly through parted lips allowing the tongue to relax. As you exhale imagine the stress and traumas of the day to dispel on your breath. With each intake of breath imagine you recharging your "hara" with new life and energy. Allow this energy to travel to every part of your body. Take a positive attitude and refrain from all negative thoughts. In time develop a rhythm, for example, inhale for 4 seconds, hold for 2, exhale for 4, and then hold for 2. Do not allow your breathing to become labored, developing a rhythm can be difficult. Take your time and you will extend the time and control of your breath.

Another part of developing your breathing and relating it to your training is to include "breathing" sounds. It will help to grasp the fundamental principles and develop our inner selves. These will promote better health, both in body and mind.

The Six Breathing Sounds

The Lung Sound

Place your tongue behind your closed teeth and with a long slow exhalation, create the sound SSSSSSSSSSS (like the sound of steam coming from a radiator). During each resting period (as you slowly inhale), smile to the lungs. Picture them surrounded by white light and concentrate on feeling the virtue of courage, which is directly related to the lung’s energy (This will help balance the positive energy in the lungs)

The Kidney Sound

Form an O with the lips as if preparing to blow out a candle and with a long, slow exhalation, produce the sound WOOOOOOOO. During each resting period smile at your kidneys as you picture them surrounded by a light blue colour. Feel the virtue of gentleness, which will enhance the positive energy of the kidneys.

The Liver Sound

Place the tongue near the palate and with a long slow exhalation, produce the sound SHHHHHHHH. During each resting period, smile at the liver. Picture it surrounded by a bright green light and feel the virtue of kindness. This will enhance the positive energy of the liver.

The Heart Sound

With the mouth wide open, exhale a deep breath, slowly, and produce the sound HAWWWWWW. During each resting period, smile at the heart and picture it surrounded by the color. red. Feel love, joy, and happiness to enhance the positive energy of the heart.

The Spleen Sound

Again, place the tongue near the palate and with a long slow exhalation, produce the sound WHOOOOOOO from the throat, like an owl. (This is more guttural than the kidney sound). During each resting period, smile at the spleen and picture it surrounded by a bright yellow color. Feel the virtue of fairness, which will enhance the positive energy of the spleen.

The Triple Warmer Sound

(Practice this while lying down if possible). With your mouth open, exhale slowly as you produce the sound HEEEEEEEE. During each resting period, imagine a huge rolling pin flattening your body from the forehead - down to the toes. This will balance all the other energies activated by the "other" sounds,  to relax the body thoroughly.

Satori

                                                            Enlightenment or a Dream

To achieve "satori" is a personal experience based on awareness through our dedication and commitment to our training. Satori can only be experienced by accepting who and what we are in relationship to our existence in the Universe. It is through an unselfish understanding of life and the importance we place on our morals and values. Many a sacrifice has to be made, to achieve even the fundamental principles that lead to the proverbial "enlightenment".

Spiritual enlightenment cannot be taught or explained in a classroom or dojo. Following a religious order, gives many the chance to experience this concept of overwhelming love and rapport with the Universe. This path requires individuals of a special aptitude, capable of sacrificing a major part of their "earthly" lives to meet the demands of their chosen vocation. Religious vocations are not the only "paths" for seeking enlightenment but the essence of altruism must be present in whatever "way" we have chosen.

Martial arts may appear to contradict the morals and beliefs that we place on life. We are conditioned to believe that “martial" ways are an excuse to justify destroying life and developing individuals to become physically stronger than our fellow human beings. Physical strength is a quality for the survival of mankind but not at the expense of the weaker members of the human race because then it becomes a selfish acquisition. This "conditioning " has created a world of confusion, apathy, and aggressive attitudes with demanding expectations. We now take for granted the media reports of war and destruction that permeate every corner of the world. We accept the political and religious conflicts that leave the heart of human nature bare and exposed to further degradation. We have created a monster of drugs, violence, and dishonesty that is running amok in our own backyards. We find it easy to lie, cheat, and betray our morals because we have lost the strength, courage, and will to perceive the real us. Many cling to false hope and faith to survive the day and deny the existence of their spiritual selves.

The world may be in turmoil but it still survives and perhaps the balance of nature may not be perfect, there is still hope in the fact there are individuals who yearn to seek themselves and face the truth of life. They realize there are hidden "paths" that once discovered offer a chance for self-realization and therefore reach out to dimensions well above the acceptance and understanding of so-called normality. Most of these paths tend to be of Eastern origin and have maintained certain fundamental principles through their cultures which have resisted the dynamic advancement of Western concepts. Their evolution is like a great river that meanders calmly but with immense power as it flows through the forest of life. Whereas modern perception of life is like the mad rush of the proverbial rapids ferociously tearing away at the earth and rock, continually changing the environment of humanity.

It cannot be denied that most, if not all of the Eastern paths we understand tend to have a strong "martial" influence but they have their roots embedded deep into religious origins. In the early days, the discipline of these traditional beliefs required a physical approach. Certain techniques were developed to strengthen the body and promote good health. It was believed, that a healthy body promoted a healthy mind, leading, to a better understanding of the spiritual self. If the mind, was to be cultivated, then the body had to be refined.

Over time, numerous "techniques" were developed and became profoundly important in martial "ways". These movements became so refined that they were adopted by the military and slowly a significant change occurred that allowed the true essence of the spiritual side to be isolated. The legacy of these changes was inherited by the modern-day budoka, as they too tended to perceive the martial arts as a way to develop the physical self. They see martial arts as a way of self-defense or a means to indulge in the competitive aspect to acquire egotistical acknowledgment. Many feel that reaching the black belt level is the apex of their training. The spiritual side has become an unrealistic dream, only related to stories of the great warriors of the past.

Because today, much emphasis is placed on the physical side of martial training which is a sad reflection on the value we place on our existence. People appear to measure their worth on a materialistic level, which in turn, demonstrates the shallowness of our thoughts and actions. People want to take and never give unless there is a selfish motive.

No matter how sincere one's motives may be, it's difficult to find a dojo, that allows one to search past the superficial benefits of modern martial arts. However, there is a definite undercurrent of change as individuals begin, searching for the deeper meaning of budo and perhaps for a better understanding of life. True budo is not about defeating or conquering another.  It is not about winning or testing our competitive spirit. Budo is normally accepted as the study of "martial ways" however, in reality, it is the study of love, peace, and harmony. It is the study of life and the existence of the Universe.

The greatest budoka of this century was O’Sensei, Morihei  Ueshiba, founder of Aikido. He chose the name "Aikido" to emphasize the "essence" of his art. Ai means love, unity, and harmony. Ki means the essence of life in all its forms and the spirit of the Universe. Do, profoundly defines the philosophical path or chosen way. like many others, both before and after him, O'Sensei's initial training began in the study of the military arts, hence why so many techniques are so easily recognized by the martial arts practitioner. Sometimes this recognition quite often takes people off on a tangent. However, these techniques chosen by O'Sensei were for a reason, in the latter part of his life, he allowed his religious beliefs to mingle with his perception of "budo". Skeptics sometimes label Aikido as a form of religion as opposed to a martial way. True, Aikido can easily be referred to as a religion but it is a religion that is not a religion. It is a religion, with no boundaries - a universal concept that enhances all "religions" and beliefs.

O'Sensei, when he experienced his divine inspiration realized that through their spiritual enlightenment in budo, there was a way for every human being to seek their own enlightenment. He had no set rules or demands for others to follow "his" Aikido. This belief made aiki an open door for individuals to go through and perceive what they wanted to see. He realized that each person had their own "enlightenment" rather than copying his "path" and losing their, own individuality. It is this freedom that gives Aikido its uniqueness when compared to other "martial arts". It allows Aikido to grow and adapt in an ever-changing world while allowing the individual to make Aikido their "Aikido". It is not restrained by "style" or trapped in a rigid frame of techniques that restrict many other martial arts from flowering to full blossom. Takemusu is a term that aptly defines these principles when related to aiki as it means "the infinite fountain of creativity...". This humility and humbleness gave his followers the courage to have faith in him and what he represented by being loyal and devoted to the path of aiki.

He found a way for individuals to hone their characters to become better human beings. He never promised an easy route of self-discovery but left us a method of acquiring certain goals. He was humble and realistic enough to realize that if this was a true path, then he had to maintain the freedom of individuals to expand the philosophy of aiki - by allowing succeeding generations to continue to be more creative and hopefully steering the world off its path of self-destruction. Aikido is now practiced worldwide with different approaches and methods of guidance. Even the closest of O'Sensei's followers have adopted their "own" philosophies to promote Aikido but most have retained the essence of his original teachings. Some have brought in a competitive element; some have concentrated on the Ki aspect while others have retained the original jutsu techniques, as a basis for their study. Many place great emphasis on the sword because the roots of budo evolve around the symbolic and profound meaning the sword played in the evolution of Japanese culture. These are not wrong - because they still follow the teachings of O'Sensei in one way or another. As individuals, we have to choose a path that best suits our needs but unfortunately, we don't, in reality, have this choice and have to accept what is available. This is a hindrance, to how far an individual can be guided in their search for spiritual knowledge and experience. There is also a rivalry between schools which is sad because if we claim to do Aikido, then we should respect and accept all "styles" of Aikido. He represents the tree, we are the branches and the sap is the spirit that keeps the tree alive. To deny the tree we deny our existence.  Each sensei will endeavor to nurture their dojo to flourish and grow in "their" way, yet they will realize, that without the main trunk whose roots are embedded deep into the earth, they are nothing. One day every branch will spread to its limits and the tree will reach a new dimension as aiki will spread to cover the whole proverbial forest of life.

We are the seeds carried on the winds of human despair, pain, and an instinct of survival, taking responsibility for bringing new joy and creativity into a world so barren of inspiration. All who take and experience the wonders of aiki must have the courage, strength, and motivation to face, firstly ourselves before attempting to face the truth of life. We must first understand the true meaning of "ai" or love before we can even begin to understand the spiritual love that O'Sensei discovered and experienced in his "divine inspiration". we must cleanse our bodies, minds, and consciences of the negative emotions that have made us prisoners within ourselves. Aiki is only a path or way to reflect and lay bare our souls. It is then up to us to deal with ourselves with honesty.

Aikido "techniques" are important but only if we can look past the physical and apply the psychology of the technique to our lives. This is where we need the courage and honesty to understand who and what we are. Most aikidoka can reach a high level on a physical plane and strive in their faith and loyalty to their sensei to acquire the philosophy and psychology of "physical" movements. Those who are afraid of themselves or are unable to relate to trust and love will never be able to go past this stage and no doubt will find ways to justify their inadequacies. Unable to face the truth about themselves they will readily manipulate time and space to rationalize their existence, thinking they can mask the truth from everyone else. Hopefully, in time they may have to face themselves and return to the path of aiki, because if they don’t, they will destroy themselves and those close to them. By having faith in oneself, we can have faith in one's teacher who will use his knowledge to bring each "student" when the time is right, to a level of understanding so they too can contribute to the experience we all crave.

As mentioned, it is a difficulty that all teachers face trying to unite the concepts of body, mind, and spirit in a way that the students can relate to and appreciate. This is where psychology, patience, and perseverance are stretched to the limits and where the true motives and morals of the student are exposed.

The implications are only those whose morals and consciences are pure and who lead lives that borders on the sanctimonious, will have a chance to discover their inner selves. It doesn't mean, they are incapable of making mistakes, as long as they are made with a clear conscience and can face their mistakes. We have to learn from our mistakes to better understand rather than retreat into a cocoon of self-pity or try to defend our mistakes with self-righteousness.

Western or modern concepts tend to isolate the body, mind, and spirit as separate qualities, hence it is difficult to cope with the non-materialistic side of life. We can, up to a point, survive with these three qualities independent of each other but at what price to ourselves.

Perhaps a diagrammatic explanation will help to give a better understanding, of how one can perceive the importance of seeking "oneness" and therefore an acceptance that there is a way.

Let’s look at these three concepts....

BODY = PHYSICAL = Physical training through Aikido techniques to develop posture, flexibility, strength, coordination, etc.

MIND = PSYCHOLOGY = Evaluation of the physical and applying psychological elements that relate to who and what we are, i.e., distance, space, timing, commitment, the relationship between uke and nage -- trust, cooperation, compassion, etc.

SPIRIT = SPIRITUAL = The hardest to explain but as individuals understand the bonding of the body and mind in honest realization to experiencing the opening of the spiritual door. This can only be achieved by recognizing the faults and virtues of one's own self.

Most people can reach a physical peak and even accept the mental aspect, leading them to appreciate there could be a link between the three concepts without really grasping for the potential that lies within their grasp! A situation that gives individuals a confused perception of who they are and what they expect in life. A good teacher will be able to guide his student's understanding on a personal level to recognize the importance of bringing these three concepts together as one. Bringing all three concepts together as one - the physical, mental, and spiritual self then we begin seeing ourselves as a "whole" person

Another way of getting a better understanding is using the Yin/Yang symbol which shows that everything has an opposite and complementary side. There is a positive and negative to everything that exists in the Universe and none so profoundly as humanity. Female is the opposite of males just as night follows day, even manifesting in our emotions and attitudes. Listed below are several human emotions and virtues in their positive and negative form representing Yang and Yin, where M (positive) represents Yang and F (negative) represents Yin.

Another way of getting a better understanding is perhaps using the Yin/Yang symbol that shows that everything has an opposite and complementary side. There is a positive and negative to everything that exists in the Universe and none so profoundly as humanity. Female is the opposite of male just as night follows day and this even manifests in our emotions and attitudes. Listed below are several human emotions and virtues in their positive and negative form representing Yang and Yin, where M (positive) represents Yang and F (negative) represents Yin.

 

In the diagram below representing opposite and contrasting emotions, there, is a line that separates the Yin and Yang. If these emotions are too intense and refuse to recognize each other there will always be this separation. They might want to join but it will not be a complete symbol as shown in the following diagrams..

It would appear, that the above emotions would make a stable relationship impossible yet there has to be something there to make, the "Yin/Yang" symbol complete. A basic understanding of Yin/Yang philosophy might be useful in following the diagrams; however, I will simplify the explanation.

We know that love is a creative emotion and its opposite is destructive hatred. Attacks on love can be made with the emotion of hate. Love can defend truthfully with love but how can hatred justify defending against an "attack" of love? Likewise, one can be loyal to one who has betrayed but how can a betrayer relate to someone they have betrayed? This theory can be applied to all the positive and negative emotions respectively, leading to an interesting result. Basically; positive emotions can justifiably defend against any negative attack but negative emotions can't realistically defend against a positive "attack".

There has to be a common ground where Yin and Yang can marry and become "one" and the only way that can happen is for both to have a mutual understanding of the other, in other words, the little "dot" of the opposite.  If there was no common ground Yin and Yang would not be complete and grow in the opposite directions. Yang will rise and Yin will sink, one gets stronger and the other weak.

In the diagram representing opposite and contrasting emotions, a line separates the Yin and Yang. If these emotions are too intense and refuse to recognize each other, there will always be this separation. They might, however, want to join, but will not be a complete symbol as shown in the diagram above.

Using the emotions listed before, let’s take the word LOVE and its immediate opposite HATE. There has to be an emotion that relates to the two, an emotion that fills the shaded area in the diagram. JEALOUSLY, for example, can be the negative emotion of love but not quite the opposite. To experience JEALOUSY in HATRED implies that there is a "love" perhaps in a small way but then that can be a positive emotion of HATE. so, jealousy can be the "dot" that makes the Yin/Yang symbol whole by uniting the two extreme emotions that could replace "jealousy", depending on individual characters and personalities.  to reinforce the explanation let's take another word, for example - HONESTY and its opposite - LIES. If we make even the smallest of mistakes, we feel guilty, and then guilt becomes the negative "dot" of HONESTY.  However, if we have just the slightest feeling of guilt after LYING then it shows that there is a small chance that we have some honesty within us and guilt becomes the positive "dot" of LYING.  The common factor has to be an emotion that bonds the large positive and the large negative to form the whole Yin/Yang. It must be remembered that each person will have a different configuration of emotions that relate to the balance of Yin/Yang which is continually changing.

A true relationship between a man and a woman is related to this eternally changing balance of Yin and Yang. There could be times when the woman or the Yin may have to be stronger as she supports the weakness of her partner. Using the male/female analogy helps to get the point across but it is not to advocate that the only way to seek this "oneness is to find a partner! Just like in Aikido techniques, we have to look beyond the movements we share with our partner but it has to be an experience for ourselves too.

The love referred to is the spiritual love that encompasses the whole Universe but manifests in the souls and hearts of human beings. It brings an understanding of the Laws that govern the existence of life with our partners to make our earthly life complete (kimusubi), but we have to be complete within ourselves. We can, through each other love the world around us and live in harmony with nature (musubi).

In conclusion, evaluate ourselves through our emotions, attitudes, and personalities. This can be done with the true meaning of budo. Once we can accept the unity of body, mind, and spirit we have the key to opening the door of spiritual enlightenment, otherwise, all we have is an unrealistic dream.

The Theory of the Five Elements

And it's relationship to Aikido

The theory of the Five-Elements can be a very difficult subject to understand, unless one is prepared to be receptive and accept the fundamental principles of life. People who live simple inconspicuous lives have retained their traditional culture and morals tend to be more philosophical about life and their existence. They appreciate the Laws of Nature and the Universe and apply them to their lives. They have not allowed themselves to be contaminated by materialistic values or egotistical motives, which could blind them to reality and truth.

Western culture has raced ahead, conveniently forgetting the fundamental principles of life and all too eager to strip our planet of its resources to gain apparent wealth. The ambitious culture of the West, has long applied pure science and logic, that they have allowed their minds to become spiritually dormant, unable to understand or grasp even the simplest principles of life. After so much damage has been done, now in desperation we are seeking salvation by turning to Eastern philosophies and beliefs. Philosophies such as Yin/Yang and the Five-Elements.

To understand what these philosophies mean one must go back to Chinese cosmology from which many of the Japanese beliefs stem from. The Chinese believed in Tao, the Centre of all things, and the “One” from which all began or the source of the Universe. The negative and the positive forces that generated from this One represented by Yin and Yang. Two that are opposite and yet complementary to each other and manifested in Tao to create Ki.

There is no Western equivalent word or definition to describe Ki. Ki, sometimes mistakenly referred to as the "spirit" (as in supernatural) or energy, as they are the closest words in the English language but is defined as something quite different to the spirit we are talking about. It is existence itself. However, Ki created from this Tao will flow in all things that exist in the Universe, from the light of the sun to the earth that we walk on and in the very air that we breathe. These elements, being part of the Universe are by Fire, Earth, Metal, Water and Wood. Each Element feeds one and overcomes another element.

These elements manifest themselves in human beings in our emotions, senses and in our anatomy. Because each element is associated with a colour, a taste, a smell, etc., oriental medicine was able to utilize this understanding to diagnose and treat various ailments. Understanding the Five-elements also helps in maintaining good health by linking them to the meridians that crisscross the body.

These Five-Element’s principles, can be applied to all “walks of life”, but more profoundly in the martial arts such as Tai Chi and Aikido. For example, in the movements of a Jo kata, but more importantly they must manifest themselves in the very essence of the art and the philosophy of the individual. For example, when using a Jo, these principles cannot be compromised; otherwise, the movements become a pointless exercise.

The Jo should radiate and glow with an apparent life of its own. The relationship between the Jo and the user should be almost intimate, with a serenity that allows both to rise to a plane of spiritual enchantment. The Ki should flow from the Hara (our storage of life's energy) and entwining around the Jo making it move with a magical aura, engulfing the space around with the essence of life that motivates and inspires the audience.

To breathe life into the Jo or any inanimate objects entails understanding and belief in Ki, yin/Yang and the Five-Elements. It is easy to learn "techniques" of kata but never really experiencing the emotions. Learning the kata purely to “get a grade" is admitting that one has never totally accepted the true meaning of the Elements.

The principles of the Five-Elements normally performed with the Jo and is now widely practiced to enhance ones Aikido. Therefore, it is a way of meditation, as a way of calming the mind and as a way of balancing the flow of Ki. One often comes across individuals who use the kata as a method of preparation for training and will reap the benefits. They appear to be in a trance and in a world far removed from the confusion that exists around them.

These people will have the ability to relate to others and respond to their needs with genuine care and understanding. It is through them that peace, love and harmony, is promoted - thereby drawing even more people to the Way. They will have the gift of linking Ki with others - making it a pleasure to practice the art of Aikido. Those who have been "touched" by individuals by this philosophy will know they have shared in something unique and meaningful.

Many have tried to understand this philosophy but have allowed their frustrations and anxieties to generate negativity. Perseverance and commitment must apply. Refrain from negative questioning but indulge in positive dialogue, sensitive inquiry, receptiveness and innocent openness. Lack of patience has never been a constructive quality. Show respect and share yourself with others and you will never look back. The theory of the Five-Elements will always be a difficult subject to explain because each person will have their own interpretation. The diagrammatic examples that follow perhaps illustrate the principle of the Five-Elements more effectively and help give a better understanding. The theory of the Five-Elements, can never be explained in a few words and it could take volumes to express one's views. I hope that I have provided enough information to satisfy one's initial curiosity and inspire further exploration on a personal level.  The diagram below explains the sequence of moves that in performing the Essence Master Kata.

1) WOOD gives life to FIRE

As wood is used for fire it was believed that wood produced fire.

2) FIRE gives life to  EARTH

As the fire burns out it leaves behind the ashes which united with the earth so it was believed that  fire  produces earth.

3) EARTH gives life to METAL

Metal was originally mined from the earth so the ancients believed that the earth produced metal.

4) METAL gives life to WATER

Wherever metal  was mined water was found nearby, so it led to  the belief that metal produced water.

5 WATER gives life to WOOD

Without trees there would be no life and without water the trees would die, so it was believed that water produced wood.

The Laws of the Universe are governed by the principles of Yin and Yang and while it is believed that  the elements gave life to  each other so it was accepted that there was also a negative side, where the elements can be used to  defeat each other.

1) WOOD defeats EARTH

As a tree grows it spreads its roots and breaks up the soil so it was believed that wood was the master of earth.

2) EARTH defeats WATER

Water is fluid and without shape and it is controlled by the earth that determines its flow so it was believed  that earth to be the master of water.

3) WATER defeats FIRE

As water was the only element that was available for the ancients to  control fire so the  believe that water was the master of fire.

4) FIRE defeats METAL

Metal is a hard substance but when subjected to  fire it became fluid and adaptable to  use so it was believed that fire is the master of metal.

5) METAL defeats WOOD

Without metal the ancients would not have been able to  construct. Metal tools were required to  cut trees and construct so metal became the master of wood.

The above explanation will help the individual to perform their kata's with an understanding  of what the techniques represent. They will find it easier to  give feeling and meaning to the kata's and hopefully be able to appreciate the philosophy of the Five-Elements.

The Five-Elements

ELEMENT	WOOD	FIRE	EARTH	METAL	WATER
COLOR	GREEN	RED	YELLOW	WHITE	BLUE
SOUND	SHOUTING	LAUGHING	SINGING	WEEPING	GROANING
ODOR	RANCID	SCORCHED	FRAGRANT	ROTTEN	PUTRID
EMOTION	ANGER	JOY	SYMPATHY	GRIEF	FEAR
SEASON	SPRING	SUMMER	CENTER	AUTUMN	WINTER
TASTE	SOUR	BITTER	SWEET	PUNGENT	SALTY
DIRECTION	EAST	SOUTH	CENTER	WEST	NORTH
DEITY	DRAGON	SPARROW	CENTER	TIGER	SNAKE
ORGANS	LIVER	HEART	STOMACH	LUNGS	BLADDER