Hakama

 

A hakama (袴) is a traditional Japanese garment worn over the lower body. It resembles a wide, pleated skirt, though some styles are divided like very wide trousers. In Aikido, many practitioners wear a black or dark-blue hakama over their training uniform (gi).

Why is a hakama worn in Aikido?

1. It reflects Japanese tradition

Aikido was founded by Morihei Ueshiba and preserves many elements of traditional Japanese culture. The hakama connects modern practitioners with that heritage.

2. It symbolizes seriousness and responsibility

In many dojos, students begin wearing a hakama only after reaching a certain rank or level of commitment. In others, everyone wears one from the start. Regardless of the policy, the garment often signifies dedication to training and proper etiquette.

3. It conceals footwork

Aikido emphasizes smooth, flowing movement. The hakama partially hides the legs and feet, encouraging students to focus on whole-body movement, balance, posture, and timing rather than copying foot positions "mechanically".

4. It reminds practitioners of important virtues

A common tradition associates the seven pleats of the hakama with virtues such as:

• Rectitude or justice (gi)
• Courage (yu)
• Benevolence (jin)
• Respect (rei)
• Honesty (makoto)
• Honor (meiyo)
• Loyalty (chūgi)

The exact historical basis for this interpretation is debated, but many dojos use it as a teaching tool.

5. It encourages proper movement

Because the garment is long and flowing, careless stepping can cause the wearer to stumble. Practitioners learn to move efficiently, maintain good posture, and control their body mechanics.

How is it worn?

The hakama is tied with long straps around the waist. The rear support plate (koshi-ita) rests against the lower back and helps maintain the garment's shape. Learning to put it on, fold it neatly, and care for it is often considered part of Aikido training itself.

In Aikido specifically

Unlike some martial arts where the hakama may be reserved for advanced ranks, Aikido organizations vary widely:

• Some allow beginners to wear one immediately.
• Some require a certain kyū rank.
• Some require a black belt (dan rank).

The purpose is generally not protection or combat effectiveness. Instead, it serves as a symbol of tradition, discipline, etiquette, and the principles of movement that are central to Aikido.